Chapter Notes and Summary
• All living organisms, multiply and reproduce their own species.
• There are different methods for a sexual reproduction like budding, spore formation, vegetative propagation and fragmentation.
• In sexual reproduction, fusion of male and female gametes is involved.
• In vegetative propagation, new plants are produced from various vegetative parts like roots, stems and leaves.
• Flower is reproductive part of plant.
• A flower can be unisexual with either male or female reproductive parts.
• A bisexual flower possess both female as well as male reproductive parts.
• male gametes occur inside pollen grains and female gametes are found in an ovule.
• Pollination is process of transfer of pollen grains from anther of one flower to stigma of same or another flower.
• Pollination falls into two types : self pollination and cross pollination. In self-pollination, pollen grains get transferred from anther to stigma of same flower of same type.
• Pollination occurs among plants by means of insects, water and wind.
• Fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization.
• Fertilized egg is called zygote. Zygote develops into an embryo.
• Fruit is mature ovary whereas ovule develops into a seed that contains developing embryo.
• Wind, water and animals help dispersion of seed.
• Dispersal of seed is an aid to plants in three ways :
(i) prevention of congestion, (ii) Stop of competition for sunlight, water and minerals, (iii) Attack of new habitats.